This COVID-19 ontology is a data model for publishing COVID-19 data on the Web as a Graph. The primary focuses of the model are: (1) COVID-19 cases: the data for COVID-19 cases (e.g., active, recovered, deceased, migrated) ondaily basis across the geo-location (district, state and country), available resources and requirements; (2) COVID-19 patient data: nationality, symptom, suspected level of covid -19 cases, covid-19 treatment facility, covid-19 clinical facility, patient's travel history, inter-personal relationships between patients, suspected transmission reason, tracking of patient test results, etc.
Biswanath Dutta (Indian Statistical Institute, India)
Michael DeBellis (Semantic Web Consultant, USA)
Indian Statistical Institute
An Ontology for Representation and Publication of COVID-19 Cases and Patient Information
Some example competency questions: How many people recovered from COVId-19 in place p until date t? How many people died in country c? Give me the travel history of patient p? Give me the COVID-19 patients and their relationship, if any. Give me the COVID-19 patients who are in family relationships. Give me the primary reasons for the maximum number of COVID-19 patients. Give me the most prevalent symtopms of Severe COVID-19.
Used to mark any entity (only data properties now) that is meant for processing data but is not part of the deployed model
The patient admitted to the covid-19 dedicated facilities, like home, hotel, hospital, etc.
admitted in
The medical clinic where testing/ diagnosis for disease is available.
clinical facility
Two persons in co-worker relation.
co-worker
comorbidity
Indicates a place has a place part.
contained in
A place is part of another place.
contains
In case the patient contracted the virus from is known, this property mentions the case number of the "parent" [source: https://www.isibang.ac.in/~athreya/incovid19/data.html]
contracted virus from
A property to connect to the country wise metrics related to the casualities of the disease.
country wise statistics
The medical clinic where testing/ diagnosis for the COVID-19 Coronavirus disease is available.
covid-19 clinical facility
The Place (typically a City but could be a building, state, etc.) where a Person currently lives
currentResident
A property to connect to the district wise metrics related to the casualities of the disease.
district wise statistics
The sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle.
hasAunt
A male with the same parents as someone else.
hasBrother
has city
has country
The diagnosis details of a patient.
has diagnosis
has district
A person is a domestic help to anothe person.
domestic help
hasHusband
The location of for example where a person is situated, an organization (covid-19 dedicated facilities, medical clinics) is located, or the geographic coverage of a disease.
location
hasMember
hasNeighbor
A son of your brother or sister.
hasNephew
A daughter of your brother or sister.
hasNiece
province
A generic property to store the relationships between persons.
has relationships
An associate who shares a room with you.
roommate
A female person who has the same parents as another person.
hasSister
Two persons in married relationship.
spouse
A generic property to connect to the metrics related to the casualities of the disease.
has statistics
Any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease.
has symptom
A patient has clinical test result.
has test result
The brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt.
hasUncle
has union territory
hasWife
is covid-19 statistics of
is diagnosis of
isMemberOf
is test result for
A male relative.
kinsman
A female relative.
kinswomen
Patient's covid-19 clinical test result.
laboratory test finding
The most recent covid-19 clinical test result.
most recent test result
The next clinical test result of a patient.
next test result
The Place (typically a City but could be a building, State, etc.) that a Person has as their permanent home.
The previous clinical test result of a patient.
previous test result
A security guard of a person.
security guard
A property to connect to the state (province) wise metrics related to the casualities of the disease.
state wise statistics
The suspected reasons of catching covid-19 disease, for example, travel, attending a marriage anniversary, while treating a patient, infected famility member.
suspected reasons of catching covid-19
A generic property to store the travel history of a patient. Also used to record the Place that a Patient traveledFrom on ExposureToCovid19 individuals.
travel history
A suspected covid-19 patient travelled from a place, e.g., country/ state/ district.
travelled from
A suspected covid-19 patient travelled to a place, e.g., country/ state/ district.
travelled to
Gender of a person.
has gender
Nationality of the person.
nationality
Blood Pressure (Distolic)
Blood Pressure (Systolic)
The peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, an estimate (in %) of the amount of oxygen in the blood.
peripheral capillary oxygen saturation(SpO2)
An acronym.
acronym
Number of active covid cases.
active
A patient admitted on a particular day and time.
admitted on
date of admission
An age of a person.
age
Tthe extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary (in sq. km.).
area
no. of bed shortage.
no. of bed shortage
no. of beds needed.
no. of beds needed
Number of covid cases.
cases
The country code. Example, "IND" for India.
country code
covid-19 cases on a day
covid-19 case on
Total no,. of active cases in Date 2 - total no. of active cases in Date 1
daily increased cases
A particular day specified as the time something happens.
date
number of deceased covid-19 patients.
deceased
The diagnosis took place on a day.
diagnosed on
tested positive on
The patient ID assigned at the district level (usually a first level of administrative division within a state/ province).
district wise patient ID
Removed data type xsd:string from range for now. Because I copied the values over from the labels using SPARQL the annotations for the language ("
A utility string to be used together with a Full Text Index in Allegro to facilitate processing reasonStrings with names of Places
geoName
This indiicates the the secondary infections caused, if any. The values are either "yes", "no" and indicate if the patient has caused any [known] secondary infections [source: https://www.isibang.ac.in/~athreya/incovid19/data.html].
has caused any secondary infections
case id
The rate at which the heart beats; usually measured to obtain a quick evaluation of a person's health.
Heart rate
height
no. of icu bed shortage.
no. of icu bed shortage
no. of invasive ventilators needed.
no. of icu beds needed
no. of invasive ventilators needed
A generic property to provide the result related to the covid-19 disease casualties and resources.
metrics
Number of people migrated after recovery from the covid.
number of people migrated
For humans, population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually quoted per square kilometre or square mile, and which may include or exclude for example areas of water or glaciers.
population density
Number of people recovered from covid.
recovered
The patient released on a day from a covid dedicated facility.
date of discharge
out date
released on
Available/ required resource for covid treatment.
resource
Is the number of breaths a person take per minute.
respiratory rate
The data source based on which the statistics produced.
State (province) code. Example, "KL" of Kerala.
state code
The patient ID assigned at the state/province level.
state wise patient ID
The body temperature.
temperature
The test result date.
test result on
The weight.
weight
A name for some thing.
name
Physical address of the item.
address
The locality in which the street address is, and which is in the region. For example, BHEL Layout.
address locality
The latitude of a location. For example 37.42242
latitude
The longitude of a location. For example -122.08585.
longitude
The postal code. For example, 560060
postal code
The street address. For example, 1st Main, Muthurainagara.
street address
A symptom is a perceived change in function, sensation, loss, disturbance or appearance reported by a patient indicative of a disease.
Source: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/FinalGuidanceonMangaementofCovidcasesversion2.pdf https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses
Symptom
A Medical clinic where testing for the COVID-19 Coronavirus disease is available.
Covid testing facility
A facility, often associated with a hospital or medical school, that is devoted to the specific diagnosis and/or healthcare.
Medical clinic
Clinical finding (finding)
Anniversary
Business
Any facility for providing care to COVID-19 patients.
source: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/FinalGuidanceonMangaementofCovidcasesversion2.pdf
COVID-19 dedicated facility
The diagnosis as COVID-19 patient. The diagnosied COVID-19 patients are categorised to three different categories/cases based on various clinical test and vital signs.
COVID-19 Diagnosis
A city.
Towns with population of 1,00,000 and above are called cities.
A ward is a containedIn a city. Calling it CityWard to avoid confusion with a hospital ward.
Close contact, a suspected cause for catching COVID-19.
Close contact
A Cluster is a group of patients with the same disease who are grouped by one or more properties that are considered critical to an analysis of how the disease has spread.
indicate a medical condition existing simultaneously but independently with another condition in a patient (source: Wikipedia)
Comorbidity
A cluster defined by contact with certain individuals. Note that to some extent all clusters are contact clusters so this class is used only for those clusters that specifically mention contact with individuals (or lack of knowledge about such contact) rather than geographic, time, or disease data.
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness in animals or humans. In humans, several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). (source: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses)
SCTID: 186747009
Coronavirus infection
Country wise statistics
Any facility, such as hotels/lodges/hostels/stadiums for providing care to COVID-19 patients are reffered as Covid Care Centre (CCC).
Covid Care Centre (CCC)
The Dedicated COVID Health Centre are hospitals that shall offer care for all cases that have been clinically assigned as moderate.
Dedicated Covid Health Centre (DCHC)
The Dedicated COVID Hospitals are hospitals that shall offer comprehensive care primarily for those who have been clinically assigned as severe.
Dedicated Covid Hospital (DCH)
A person diagnosed With COVID-19.
Diagnosed With COVID-19
SCTID: 439401001
identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon.
This models the manner in which a diagnosis was discovered. E.g., via a pregnancy test, screening for a suspected disease, tests done before surgery, etc.
SCTID: 64572001
an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning.
Disease
A viral disease caused by coronavirus.
SCTID: 27619001
Disease caused by Coronaviridae
Patients clustered by diseases that made them susceptible to the virus
An adminidtrative area spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions of municipalities, school district, or political district.
District wise statistics
A licensed medical doctor.
SCTID: 158965000
Doctor
Suspected causes of catching COVID-19.
Exposure to COVID-19
Mass gathering, a suspected cause for catching COVID-19.
Gathering
Patients clustered by the geographic region where they contracted the infection
Geographic regions such as the Middle East, North America, etc. For the cluster class
GeographicRegion
Group
HealthCareProfessional
InfectedNeighbor
InfectedNephew
InfectedNiece
InfectedViaHealthcareWork
InfectedViaJob
InfectedViaPoliceWork
SCTID: 118246004
The laboratory test finding of the patient. The possible values are Positive, Negative, Pending.
Laboratory test finding
A man.
Cases presenting with fever and/or upper respiratory tract illness (Influenza Like Illness, ILI).
Mild and very mild COVID-19
Pneumonia with no signs of severe disease (Respiratory Rate 15 to 30/minute, SpO2 90%-94%).
Moderate COVID-19
A health professional skilled in caring for young children or the sick (usually under the supervision of a physician).
SCTID: 106292003
Nurse
Professional nurse
PolicePerson
The patient was discovered to have another disease as the result of tests given before surgery.
The patient was discovered to have a disease as a result of tests given during pregnancy.
Province
SecondaryContact
SecurityGuard
Severe Pneumonia (with respiratory rate ≥30/minute and/or SpO2 < 90% in room air) or ARDS or Septic shock.
Severe COVID-19
State wise statistics
Statistics based on each day.
Statistics of COVID-19 cases which includes the deatils of active, recovered, deaths, and also the resources (e.g., beds required, shortage of beds, ICUs) on daily basis.
The current status of the patient, for example: recovered, hospitalized, deceased.
Status
A test result.
Test result
A cluster defined by some event (including lack of knowledge) at a certain date. Note that clusters are not disjoint, so a cluster can be an instance of a TimeCluster and other clusters.
Places which satisfy the following criteria are called towns: (i) A minimum population of 5,000; (ii) At least 75 per cent of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and (iii) A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km. (i.e. 1000 per sq. Mile).
Town
The patient was identified as at risk for the disease (e.g., Covid-19) and was tested as part of tracing people identified to be at risk.
A union territory ('Federally administered territory/province') is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike the states of India, which have their own governments, union territories are federal territories governed directly by the Central Government of India.
UnionTerritory
Untested for COVID-19
Urgently needs COVID test
Urgently needs COVID-19 test
SCTID: 34014006
Viral disease
The vital signs of a suspected covid-19 patient as found through clinical tests.
Vital signs
A women.
An agent (eg. person, group, software or physical artifact).
Agent
A group of people who work together.
Organization
A human being.
Person
A country.
An enumeration of genders.
Gender type
An infectious disease is a clinically evident human disease resulting from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, like pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and prions. To be considered an infectious disease, such pathogens are known to be able to cause this disease.
SCTID: 40733004
Infectious disease
A patient is any person recipient of health care services.
Patients are categorised into three groups based on the following guidelines. Source: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/FinalGuidanceonMangaementofCovidcasesversion2.pdf
SCTID: 116154003
Patient
Entities that have a somewhat fixed, physical extension.
A state or province of a country.
Abu Dhabi
SCTID: 82991003
Generalized aches and pains (finding)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Ahmedabad
Ajmer
Amsterdam
Anantapur
A union territory of India comprising 572 islands of which 37 are inhabited, are a group of islands at the juncture of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andhra Pradesh
Argentina
Assam
Athens
Bagalkote
Bahrain
Bangalore
Bangalore-Urban
Bangalore Rural
Bangladesh
Baroda
Belagavi
Bhatkal
Bidar
Brazil
Breathlessness
A disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Disease caused by 2019 novel coronavirus
Disease caused by 2019-nCoV
SCTID: 840539006
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Carwar
Chamarajanagar
Chennai
Chikmagalur
Chitradurga
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Chronic Kidney Insufficiency (CKI)
Chronic Liver Disease (CLD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Colombo
Containment Zones : The patients who were contacts of Conatinment Zones and their contacts. Some patients have the Ward represented in the Reason column.
Cough
Dadra And Nagar Haveli And Daman And Diu
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (DNHDD) is a union territory in western India.
Dakshina Kannada District
Until June 2019, Daman and Diu was an Union Territory of India. But since July 2019 it was merged to another Union Territory of India "Dadra and Nagar Haveli" and togtrehr formed a single union territory "Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (DNHDD)."
Daman And Diu
Dammam
Davangere
Delhi
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
SCTID: 62315008
Diarrhea
Diu
Domestic Travel History Absent : The patients for whom the information was given as "Travel History-Domestic"
SCTID: 11833005
Dry cough
Dubai
Edinburgh
SCTID: 386661006
Fever
France
Gadag
Gadag-Betageri
Germany
Goa
Greece
Gujarat
From Gujarat : The patients with travel history to Gujarat and their contacts.
officially the Co‑operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South America.
Guyana
SCTTID: 59994004
Hacking cough
Hassan
Himachal Pradesh
Hindupur
Hubballi
Hubli, officially known as Hubballi, is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka.
Hubli
a City and municipal council in the Bidar District of the Indian state of Karnataka and city is a headquarters of Humnabad taluk.
Humnabad
Hyderabad
Hypertension (HTN)
Indonesia
Influenza like illness : The patients showing influenza like symptoms and their contacts.
International Travel History Absent : The patients for whom the information was given as "Travel History-International"
A country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.
Iraq
Republic of Iraq
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)
Italy
Jammu is the winter capital and the largest city in Jammu district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Jammu
Jammu And Kashmir
Jeddah
27-June Trace History Absent : On this day, no trace history information was given for the patients. Patients who were contacts of these individuals are also in this cluster.
28-June Trace History Absent : On this day, no trace history information was given for the patients. Patients who were contacts of these individuals are also in this cluster.
29-June Trace History Absent : On this day, no trace history information was given for the patients. Patients who were contacts of these individuals are also in this cluster.
Kalaburagi
Kalburgi
Karwara
Kashmir
Kerala
Kodagu, also called Coorg, is a district in Karnataka State.
Coorg
Kodagu
Kodagu District
Kolkata
a city in Koppala district in the Indian state of Karnataka.
Koppal
Koppala
Koppala District
London
Madrid
Maharashtra
From Maharashtra : The patients with travel history to Maharashtra and their contacts.
Mandya
Mangalore
Mangaluru
Manipur
Mecca
Middle East
From Middle East : The patients with travel to the Middle East and their contacts.
MiddleEastCluster
Mumbai
Mysore
Nagaland
Nanjangud
SCTID: 68235000
Nasal congestion
Nelamangala
Netherlands
New York City
New York State
Not reported
Others : The patients who had interdistrict travel in Karnataka, travel to countries / states, healthcare workers and policemen on COVID-19 duty and their contacts. The numbers for these reasons were too few to form separate clusters.
SCTID: 22253000
Pain
SCTID: 162397003
Pain in throat
Sore throat
Palghar
a locality in Raigad district of Maharashtra in India.
Panvel
Pharmaceutical Company In Nanjangud
Pharmaceutical Company in Nanjangud : This patients who were workers of a Pharmaceutical Company in Nanjangud, Mysore along with their contacts.
Philippines
Pune
a city municipality in the district of Raichur in the Indian state of Karnataka.
Raichore
Raichur
Rayachuru
Raigad District (formerly Kolába district), is a district in the Konkan division of Maharashtra, India.
Raigad
Raigadh
Rajasthan
From Rajasthan : The patients with travel history to Rajasthan and their contacts.
a city and a city municipal council in the Indian state of Karnataka.
Ramanagara
Ramanagara District
Rest Of Europe
From the rest of Europe : The patients with travel history to Europe but not to UK and their contacts.
RestOfEuropeCluster
Riyadh
SCTID: 267101005
Nasal discharge presen
Nose dripping
Nose running
Saudi Arabia
Scotland
Second Generation Contact Absent : The patients whose information was given as "Contact" without giving the patient ID of the individual they were a contact of.
SecondGenerationContactCluster
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection: This includes patients with a history of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection whose symptoms have resurfaced and their contacts.
a city and taluka headquarter located in the Yadgir district of Indian state of Karnataka.
Shahapur
Sharjah
Singapore
SCTID: 76067001
Sneezing
Republic of South Africa
South America
From South America : The patients with travel history to South America and their contacts.
SouthAmericaCluster
From the Southern States : The patients with travel to Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh or Telengana and their contacts. This doesn't contain patients with interdistrict travel in Karnataka
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh or Telengana. This doesn't contain Karnataka
Spain
Sri Lanka
Surat
Switzerland
TJ Congregation from 13th to 18th March in Delhi : The patients with travel history to the TJ Congregation in Delhi and their contacts.
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Texas
Represents the geographic region of the entire world.
SCTID: 224960004
Feeling tired
SCTID: 54150009
URTI
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
USA
From USA : The patients who had travel history to USA and their contacts.
USACluster
Udupi
United Arab Emirates
From United Kingdom : The patients with travel history to UK and their contacts.
UnitedKingdomCluster
Unknown : The patients who have been listed in the Media Bulletins as "Contact Under Tracing"and their contacts.
Uttar Kannada
Uttara Kannada, formerly known as North Canara, is a district in the Indian state of Karnataka.
North Canara
Uttara Kannada
Vadodara District
Vellore
Vellore District
Vijayapura
Ward 135
West Bengal
is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country.
Western Province
Yadgir
Note: had to give this test data id that may conflict with real data in order to process reason strings that require numeric computations on the ID's. I.e., they have to be numeric strings that can be converted to integers not string starting with "T" So make sure to delete this and similar test data before loading actual data.
Mild and Very Mild Covid19 Diagnostic Rule